![]() An em dash or horizontal bar, but not an en dash, is used to set off the source of a direct quotation.The French and Indian War (1754–1763) was fought in western Pennsylvania and along the present US–Canada border (Edwards, pp. ![]() An en dash, but not an em dash, indicates spans or differentiation, where it may replace "and", "to", or "through".Glitter, felt, yarn, and buttons – his kitchen looked as if a clown had exploded.Ī flock of sparrows – some of them juveniles – alighted and sang. Glitter, felt, yarn, and buttons-his kitchen looked as if a clown had exploded.Ī flock of sparrows-some of them juveniles-alighted and sang. An (unspaced) em dash or a spaced en dash can be used to mark a break in a sentence, and a pair can be used to set off a parenthetical statement.Usage varies both within English and in other languages, but the usual conventions for the most common dashes in printed English text are these: 4.2.2 Approximating the em dash with two or three hyphens.4.1.2.2 Subtle differences in punctuation.4.1.2.1 Simple equivalence (or near-equivalence) of paired parenthetical marks.4.1.1.2 Inversion of the function of a colon.4.1.1.1 Simple equivalence (or near-equivalence) of colon and em dash.3.1.5 Parenthetic and other uses at the sentence level.
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